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Transformer proteins (TFPs) are proteins that can transform from one conformation to a different one and simultaneously change their function. Protein structures in a given environment were thought to be defined completely by their amino acid sequence.〔Anfinsen, Christian B., Robert R. Redfield WI, Choate JP, Carroll WR. Studies on the Gross Structure, Cross-Linkages, and Terminal Sequences in Ribonuclease. J Biological Chem. 207:201-10〕 These protein structures are usually related to one single physiological protein activity. This hypothesis was, however, challenged by observations that proteins could fold in two alternative conformations, such as the prion proteins which exist in a physiologially active cellular form and an insoluble form.〔S. B. Prusiner, M. R. Scott, S. J. DeArmond, F. E. Cohen (1998) Prion protein biology. Cell 93:337-48〕 Extending the concept of a protein that exists in a soluble and an insoluble form, for the bacterial transcription factor RfaH two entirely different structures were observed to coexist in solution.〔B. M. Burmann, S. H. Knauer, A. Sevostyanova, K. Schweimer, R. M. Mooney, R. Landick, I. Artsimovitch, P. Rösch. An α Helix to β Barrel Domain Switch Transforms the Transcription Factor RfaH into a Translation Factor. Cell. 2012 150:291-303〕 RfaH is a two-domain protein, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of which can fold into alpha-helical and, alternatively, into beta-barrel form. These two interconvertible structures have two different functions, in alpha-helix form the CTD inhibits binding of the N-terminal domain to the RNA-polymerase, whereas the beta-barrel form recruits ribosomes. RfaH is thus the first member of the transformer protein class which obviously violates the original 'one sequence - one structure - one function' suggestion that governed protein research for decades . 〔S. H. Knauer, I. Artsimovitch, P. Rösch. Transformer proteins. Cell Cycle. 2012 11:4289-90〕〔S. H. Knauer, P. Rösch, I. Artsimovitch. Transformation: the next level of regulation. RNA Biol. 2012 9:1418-23〕〔http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/quips?story=Transformer〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transformer proteins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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